Frazer Institute

Associate Professor James Wells

Principal Research Fellow
Frazer Institute
Affiliate of Dermatology Research Centre
Dermatology Research Centre
+61 7 344 36983
View researcher profile

Associate Professor James Wells leads the Skin cancer immunotherapy group.

Research interests

The laboratory is interested in understanding novel extrinsic and intrinsic factors that regulate CD8 T-cell function in the skin. We are also interested in understanding how immunosuppressive drugs affect naïve and memory CD8 T-cell function in the skin. There are 4 major research themes in the laboratory.

Research projects

  • Novel intrinsic pathways of CD8 T-cell regulation in the skin
  • The role of CD4/CD8 double-positive T-cells in skin immunity
  • The contribution of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to T-cell suppression
  • The creation and testing of novel compounds that impact on T-cell function in the skin

Researcher biography

Associate Professor James Wells leads the Novel Cancer Therapeutics Group at Frazer Institute and is the Director of Immunology at the Dermatology Research Centre, University of Queensland. He is also the Vice President of the Molecular and Experimental Pathology Society of Australasia (MEPSA), and a mentee of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences (AAHMS). He received his PhD in cancer immunotherapy from King's College London, UK, and postdoctoral training at Harvard Medical School, USA, where he received an award for research excellence and was promoted to Faculty as an Instructor. In 2011, he was awarded a prestigious 5-year Perpetual Trustees Fellowship and was appointed as a Group Leader at the University of Queensland's Frazer Institute.

Associate Professor Wells is passionate about delivering effective new treatments to combat cancer through the translation of his research. To achieve this, he collaborates with medicinal chemists, imaging specialists, clinical research teams and industry partners to identify and target pathways and mechanisms that allow cancer cells to grow within the body.

In collaboration with the Queensland Emory Drug Discovery Initiative, he has recently developed and patented a drug (Q2361) designed to prevent and treat skin cancer in immune-suppressed solid organ transplant recipients. Q2361 is a first-in-class drug candidate capable of reactivating anti-tumour CD8 T cells in the skin of organ transplant recipients on the immunosuppressive drugs Tacrolimus (FK506), Sirolimus (rapamycin), and Everolimus. He is currently striving to bring Q2361 across the 'valley of death' and into clinical trials.

James would like to thank the granting bodies and philanthropic partnerships that make his goal of delivering new and effective cancer drugs possible.

Publications

Book Chapters (2)
Journal Articles (76)
Conference Papers (28)
Patents (2)

Book Chapters

Cruz, Jazmina L. and Wells, James W. (2016). Regulation of CD8+ T cells in the skin and implications for the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Horizons in cancer research. (pp. 119-145) edited by Hiroto S. Watanabe. New York, United States: Nova Science Publishers.
Wells, James W. (2015). Do actinic keratoses and superficial squamous cell carcinomas have a specific immunoprofile?. Actinic keratosis. (pp. 36-41) edited by H. Peter Soyer, Tarl W. Prow and Gregor B. E. Jemec. Basel, Switzerland: Karger AG. doi: 10.1159/000366533

Journal Articles

Kong, Wei Yang, Soderholm, Amelia, Brooks, Andrew J., Gonzalez Cruz, Jazmina L. and Wells, James W. (2025). Harnessing cytokine immunocomplexes and cytokine fusion proteins for cancer Therapy: Mechanisms and clinical potential. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 136 102937, 102937. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.102937
Schultz, Thomas E, Mathmann, Carmen D, Domínguez Cadena, Leslie C, Muusse, Timothy W, Kim, Hyoyoung, Wells, James W, Ulett, Glen C, Hamerman, Jessica A, Brooks, Andrew J, Kobe, Bostjan, Sweet, Matthew J, Stacey, Katryn J and Blumenthal, Antje (2025). TLR4 endocytosis and endosomal TLR4 signaling are distinct and independent outcomes of TLR4 activation. EMBO Reports 2250056, 1-27. doi: 10.1038/s44319-025-00444-2
Zhang, Jiahui, Madge, Harrison Y. R., Mahmoud, Asmaa, Lu, Lantian, Wang, Wanyi, Huang, Wenbin, Koirala, Prashamsa, Gonzalez Cruz, Jazmina L., Kong, Wei Yang, Bashiri, Sahra, Shalash, Ahmed O., Hussein, Waleed M., Khalil, Zeinab G., Wells, James W., Toth, Istvan and Stephenson, Rachel J. (2025). A synthetic cyclic peptide for promoting antigen presentation and immune activation. NPJ Vaccines, 10 (1) 9, 9-1. doi: 10.1038/s41541-024-01050-4
Lu, Lantian, Kong, Wei Yang, Zhang, Jiahui, Firdaus, Farrhana, Wells, James W., Stephenson, Rachel J., Toth, Istvan, Skwarczynski, Mariusz and Cruz, Jazmina L. Gonzalez (2024). Utilizing murine dendritic cell line DC2.4 to evaluate the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines in vitro. Frontiers in Immunology, 15 1298721, 1-13. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1298721
Chew, Hui Yi, Cvetkovic, Goran, Tepic, Slobodan and Wells, James W. (2024). Arginase-induced cell death pathways and metabolic changes in cancer cells are not altered by insulin. Scientific Reports, 14 (1) 4112. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54520-z
Sartain, Felicity, Viecelli, Andrea K., Veitch, Margaret, Franklin, Michael E., Dymock, Brian W., Wells, James W. and Campbell, Scott B. (2024). Predicting tacrolimus concentrations in the skin of adult kidney transplant recipients: a feasibility study. Transplant International, 37 12019, 1-7. doi: 10.3389/ti.2024.12019
Zeng, Zhen, Ngo, Hung Long, Proctor, Martina, Rizos, Helen, Dolcetti, Riccardo, Cruz, Jazmina Gonzalez, Wells, James W. and Gabrielli, Brian (2024). Checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor + low‐dose hydroxyurea efficiently kills BRAF inhibitor‐ and immune checkpoint inhibitor‐resistant melanomas. Pigment Cell and Melanoma Research, 37 (1), 45-50. doi: 10.1111/pcmr.13120
Wright, Quentin G., Sinha, Debottam, Wells, James W., Frazer, Ian H., Gonzalez Cruz, Jazmina L. and Leggatt, Graham Robert (2024). Peritumoral administration of immunomodulatory antibodies as a triple combination suppresses skin tumor growth without systemic toxicity. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 12 (1) e007960. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007960
Veitch, Margaret, Beaumont, Kimberly, Pouwer, Rebecca, Chew, Hui Yi, Frazer, Ian H., Soyer, H. Peter, Campbell, Scott, Dymock, Brian W., Harvey, Andrew, Cock, Terrie-Anne and Wells, James W. (2023). Local blockade of tacrolimus promotes T-cell-mediated tumor regression in systemically immunosuppressed hosts. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11 (9) e006783, 1-15. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006783
Tang, Ming, Suraweera, Amila, Nie, Xuqiang, Li, Zilin, Lai, Pinglin, Wells, James W., O’Byrne, Kenneth J., Woods, Robert J, Bolderson, Emma and Richard, Derek J (2023). Mono-phosphorylation at Ser4 of barrier-to-autointegration factor (Banf1) significantly reduces its DNA binding capability by inducing critical changes in its local conformation and DNA binding surface. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 25 (36), 24657-24677. doi: 10.1039/d3cp02302h
Mamedov, D., Asland, A. C., Cooil, S. P., Rost, H. I., Bakkelund, J., Allaniyazov, A., Wells, J. W. and Karazhanov, S. (2023). Enhanced hydrophobicity of CeO2 thin films: role of the morphology, adsorbed species and crystallography. Materials Today Communications, 35 106323, 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.106323
Firdaus, Farrhana Z., Bartlett, Stacey, Hussein, Waleed M., Lu, Lantian, Wright, Quentin, Huang, Wenbin, Nahar, Ummey J., Yang, Jieru, Khongkow, Mattaka, Veitch, Margaret, Koirala, Prashamsa, Ruktanonchai, Uracha R., Monteiro, Michael J., Gonzalez Cruz, Jazmina L., Stephenson, Rachel J., Wells, James W., Toth, Istvan and Skwarczynski, Mariusz (2023). Liposomal formulations of a polyleucine–antigen conjugate as therapeutic vaccines against cervical cancer. Pharmaceutics, 15 (2) 602, 1-15. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020602
Liu, Timothy J., Lin, Lynlee L., McMeniman, Erin, Wu, Jason, Kao, Yung-Ching, Kumari, Snehlata, Boyle, Glen M., Wells, James W., Soyer, H. Peter and Gonzalez-Cruz, Jazmina L. (2022). Cytokine/Chemokine assessment as a complementary diagnostic tool for inflammatory skin diseases. Frontiers in Immunology, 13 1028435, 1-8. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028435
Veitch, Margaret, Layt, Craig, Raymond, Emma, Croaker, Andrew and Wells, James (2022). Assessment of patient-to-patient and intra-individual human abdominal skin immune cell variability. Archives of Medical Science, 18 (6), 1683-1688. doi: 10.5114/aoms/155183
Abdul, Temilola Y., Hawse, Gresin P., Smith, Jay, Sellon, Jacob L., Abdel, Matthew P., Wells, James W., Coenen, Michael J., Evans, Christopher H. and De La Vega, Rodolfo E. (2022). Prevalence of AAV2.5 neutralizing antibodies in synovial fluid and serum of patients with osteoarthritis. Gene Therapy, 30 (7-8), 1-5. doi: 10.1038/s41434-022-00326-5
Depelsenaire, Alexandra C. I., Witham, Katey, Veitch, Margaret, Wells, James W., Anderson, Christopher D., Lickliter, Jason D., Rockman, Steve, Bodle, Jesse, Treasure, Peter, Hickling, Julian, Fernando, Germain J. P. and Forster, Angus H. (2021). Cellular responses at the application site of a high-density microarray patch delivering an influenza vaccine in a randomized, controlled phase I clinical trial. PLoS One, 16 (7) e0255282, e0255282. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255282
Proctor, Martina, Gonzalez Cruz, Jazmina L., Daignault-Mill, Sheena M., Veitch, Margaret, Zeng, Bijun, Ehmann, Anna, Sabdia, Muhammed, Snell, Cameron, Keane, Colm, Dolcetti, Riccardo, Haass, Nikolas K., Wells, James W. and Gabrielli, Brian (2021). Targeting Replication Stress Using CHK1 Inhibitor Promotes Innate and NKT Cell Immune Responses and Tumour Regression. Cancers, 13 (15) 3733, 1-19. doi: 10.3390/cancers13153733
Wright, Quentin, Gonzalez Cruz, Jazmina L., Wells, James W. and Leggatt, Graham R. (2021). PD-1 and beyond to activate T cells in cutaneous squamous cell cancers: the case for 4-1BB and VISTA antibodies in combination therapy. Cancers, 13 (13) 3310, 3310. doi: 10.3390/cancers13133310
Tay, Ban Qi, Wright, Quentin, Ladwa, Rahul, Perry, Christopher, Leggatt, Graham, Simpson, Fiona, Wells, James W., Panizza, Benedict J., Frazer, Ian H. and Cruz, Jazmina L. G. (2021). Evolution of cancer vaccines—challenges, achievements and future directions. Vaccines, 9 (5) 535, 535. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9050535
Zeng, Zhen, Veitch, Margaret, Kelly, Gabrielle A., Tuong, Zewen K., Cruz, Jazmina G., Frazer, Ian H. and Wells, James W. (2021). IFN-γ critically enables the intratumoural infiltration of CXCR3+ CD8+ T cells to drive squamous cell carcinoma regression. Cancers, 13 (9) 2131, 2131. doi: 10.3390/cancers13092131
Liu, T-Y, Bartnikowski, M., Wu, A. C., Veitch, M., Sokolowski, K. A., Millard, S. M., Pettit, A. R., Glatt, V., Evans, C. H. and Wells, J. W. (2021). Healing of sub-critical femoral osteotomies in mice is unaffected by tacrolimus and deletion of recombination activating gene 1. European Cells and Materials, 41, 345-354. doi: 10.22203/eCM.v041a22
Zeng, Zhen, Chew, Hui Yi, Cruz, Jazmina G., Leggatt, Graham R. and Wells, James W. (2021). Investigating T cell immunity in cancer: achievements and prospects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22 (6) 2907, 1-17. doi: 10.3390/ijms22062907
Chandra, Janin, Teoh, Siok Min, Kuo, Paula, Tolley, Lynn, Bashaw, Abate Assefa, Tuong, Zewen Kelvin, Liu, Yang, Chen, Zibin, Wells, James W., Yu, Chengzhong, Frazer, Ian H. and Yu, Meihua (2021). Manganese-doped silica-based nanoparticles promote the efficacy of antigen-specific immunotherapy. The Journal of Immunology, 206 (5), ji2000355-998. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000355
Brooks, Jeremy F., Murphy, Peter R., Barber, James E. M., Wells, James W. and Steptoe, Raymond J. (2020). Peripheral tolerance checkpoints imposed by ubiquitous antigen expression limit antigen-specific B cell responses under strongly immunogenic conditions. The Journal of Immunology, 205 (5), ji2000377-1247. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000377
Forster, Angus H, Witham, Katey, Depelsenaire, Alexandra C.I., Veitch, Margaret, Wells, James W., Wheatley, Adam, Pryor, Melinda, Lickliter, Jason, Francis, Barbara, Rockman, Steve, Bodle, Jesse, Treasure, Peter, Hickling, Julian and Fernando, Germain J.P. (2020). Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of influenza vaccination with a high-density microarray patch: results from a randomized, controlled phase I clinical trial. PLoS Medicine, 17 (3) e1003024, e1003024. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003024
Chew, Hui Yi, De Lima, Priscila O., Gonzalez Cruz, Jazmina L., Banushi, Blerida, Echejoh, Godwins, Hu, Lingbo, Joseph, Shannon R., Lum, Benedict, Rae, James, O'Donnell, Jake S., Merida de Long, Lilia, Okano, Satomi, King, Brigid, Barry, Rachael, Moi, Davide, Mazzieri, Roberta, Thomas, Ranjeny, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes, Fernando, Foote, Matthew, McCluskey, Adam, Robinson, Phillip J., Frazer, Ian H., Saunders, Nicholas A., Parton, Robert G., Dolcetti, Riccardo, Cuff, Katharine, Martin, Jennifer H., Panizza, Benedict, Walpole, Euan ... Simpson, Fiona (2020). Endocytosis Inhibition in Humans to Improve Responses to ADCC-Mediating Antibodies. Cell, 180 (5), 895-914.e27. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.019
Skwarczynski, Mariusz, Zhao, Guangzu, Boer, Jennifer C., Ozberk, Victoria, Azuar, Armira, Gonzalez Cruz, Jazmina, Kumar Giddam, Ashwini, Khalil, Zeinab G., Pandey, Manisha, Shibu, Mohini A., Hussein, Waleed M., Nevagi, Reshma J., Batzloff, Michael R., Wells, James W., Capon, Robert J., Plebanski, Magdalena, Good, Michael F. and Toth, Istvan (2020). Poly(amino acids) as a potent self-adjuvanting delivery system for peptide-based nanovaccines. Science Advances, 6 (5) eaax2285, eaax2285. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2285
Brooks, Jeremy F., Barber, James E.M., Davies, Janet M., Wells, James W. and Steptoe, Raymond J. (2020). Transfer of antigen-encoding bone marrow under immune-preserving conditions deletes mature antigen-specific B cells in recipients and inhibits antigen-specific antibody production. Cytotherapy, 22 (8), 436-444. doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.04.041
Tuong, Zewen, Lewandowski, Andrew, Bridge, Jennifer, Gonzalez-Cruz, Jazmina, Yamada, Miko, Lambie, Duncan, Lewandowski, Richard, Steptoe, Raymond, Leggatt, Graham, Simpson, Fiona, Frazer, Ian, Soyer, Peter and Wells, James W. (2019). Cytokine/chemokine profiles in squamous cell carcinoma correlate with precancerous and cancerous disease stage. Scientific Reports, 9 (1) 17754, 17754. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54435-0
Barrett, Lucy W., Gray, Elin S., Wells, James W. and Waithman, Jason (2019). Editorial: Insights into biomarkers, cytokines, and chemokines in skin cancer. Frontiers in Medicine, 6 199, 199. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00199
Crawford, Theo, Fletcher, Nicholas, Veitch, Margaret, Gonzalez Cruz, Jazmina L., Pett, Nicola, Brereton, Ian, Wells, James W., Mobli, Mehdi and Tesiram, Yasvir (2019). Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen Shows High Specificity for a UV Induced Mouse Model of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Frontiers in Medicine, 6 (FEB) 22, 22. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00022
Khongkow, Mattaka, Liu, Tzu-yu, Bartlett, Stacey, Hussein, Waleed M., Nevagi, Reshma, Jia, Zhongfan, Monteiro, Michael J., Wells, James, Ruktanonchai, Uracha Rungsardthong, Skwarczynski, Mariusz and Toth, Istvan (2018). Liposomal formulation of polyacrylate-peptide conjugate as a new vaccine candidate against cervical cancer. Precision Nanomedicine, 1 (3), 183-193. doi: 10.33218/prnano1(3).181003.1
Bridge, Jennifer A., Lee, James C., Daud, Adil, Wells, James W. and Bluestone, Jeffrey A. (2018). Cytokines, chemokines, and other biomarkers of response for checkpoint inhibitor therapy in skin cancer. Frontiers in Medicine, 5 (DEC) 351, 351. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00351
Kuo, Paula T., Zeng, Zhen, Salim, Nazhifah, Mattarollo, Stephen, Wells, James W. and Leggatt, Graham R. (2018). The role of CXCR3 and its chemokine ligands in skin disease and cancer. Frontiers in Medicine, 5 (SEP) 271, 271. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00271
Joseph, Shannon R., Gaffney, Daniel, Barry, Rachael, Hu, Lingbo, Banushi, Blerida, Wells, James W., Lambie, Duncan, Strutton, Geoff, Porceddu, Sandro V., Burmeister, Bryan, Leggatt, Graham R., Schaider, Helmut, Dolcetti, Riccardo, Frazer, Ian H., Saunders, Nicholas A., Foote, Matthew, Soyer, H. Peter and Simpson, Fiona (2018). An ex vivo human tumour assay reveals distinct patterns of EGFR trafficking in squamous cell carcinoma correlating to therapeutic outcomes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 139 (1), 213-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.190
Jung, Ji-Won, Veitch, Margaret, Bridge, Jennifer A., Overgaard, Nana H., Cruz, Jazmina L., Linedale, Richard, Franklin, Michael E., Saunders, Nicholas A., Simpson, Fiona, Frazer, Ian H., Steptoe, Raymond J. and Wells, James W. (2018). Clinically-relevant rapamycin treatment regimens enhance CD8+ effector memory T cell function in the skin and allow their infiltration into cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. OncoImmunology, 7 (9) e1479627, 1-16. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2018.1479627
Brooks, Jeremy F., Liu, Xiao, Davies, Janet M., Wells, James W. and Steptoe, Raymond J. (2018). Tetramer-based identification of naïve antigen-specific B cells within a polyclonal repertoire. European Journal of Immunology, 48 (7), 1251-1254. doi: 10.1002/eji.201747447
He, Xuzhi, Cruz, Jazmina L., Joseph, Shannon, Pett, Nicola, Chew, Hui Yi, Tuong, Zewen K., Okano, Satomi, Kelly, Gabrielle, Veitch, Margaret, Simpson, Fiona and Wells, James W. (2018). Characterization of 7A7, an anti-mouse EGFR monoclonal antibody proposed to be the mouse equivalent of cetuximab. Oncotarget, 9 (15), 12250-12260. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.24242
Brooks, Jeremy F, Davies, Janet M, Wells, James W and Steptoe, Raymond J (2017). Re-educating immunity in respiratory allergies: the potential for hematopoietic stem cell-mediated gene therapy. Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany), 96 (1), 21-30. doi: 10.1007/s00109-017-1611-8
Overgaard, Nana H., Cruz, Jazmina L., Bridge, Jennifer A., Nel, Hendrik J., Frazer, Ian H., La Gruta, Nicole K., Blumenthal, Antje, Steptoe, Raymond J. and Wells, James W. (2017). CD4+CD8β+ double-positive T cells in skin-draining lymph nodes respond to inflammatory signals from the skin. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 102 (3), 837-844. doi: 10.1189/jlb.1AB0217-065R
Keller, Hilary R., Zhang, Xin, Li, Li, Schaider, Helmut and Wells, James W. (2017). Overcoming resistance to targeted therapy with immunotherapy and combination therapy for metastatic melanoma. Oncotarget, 8 (43), 75675-75686. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18523
Burke, Michael Thomas, Sambira Nahum, Lauren C., Isbel, Nicole M., Carroll, Robert P., Soyer, Hans Peter, Francis, Ross, Bridge, Jennifer Anne, Hawley, Carmel, Oliver, Kimberly, Staatz, Christine E. and Wells, James William (2017). Sirolimus increases T-cell abundance in the sun exposed skin of kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation Direct, 3 (7), e171. doi: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000000694
Bhatt, Kunal H., Rudraraju, Rajeev, Brooks, Jeremy F., Jung, Ji-Won, Galea, Ryan, Wells, James W. and Steptoe, Raymond J. (2017). Short-course rapamycin treatment enables engraftment of immunogenic gene-engineered bone marrow under low-dose irradiation to permit long-term immunological tolerance. Stem Cell Research and Therapy, 8 (1) 57, 57. doi: 10.1186/s13287-017-0508-3
Chandra, Janin, Dutton, Julie L., Li, Bo, Woo, Wai-Ping, Xu, Yan, Tolley, Lynn K., Yong, Michelle, Wells, James W., Leggatt, Graham R., Finlayson, Neil and Frazer, Ian H. (2017). DNA vaccine encoding HPV16 oncogenes E6 and E7 induces potent cell-mediated and humoral immunity which protects in tumor challenge and drives E7-expressing skin graft rejection. Journal of Immunotherapy, 40 (2), 62-70. doi: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000156
Liu, Fangjun, Wells, James W., Porter, Ryan M., Glatt, Vaida, Shen, Zhenxin, Schinhan, Martina, Ivkovic, Alan, Vrahas, Mark S., Evans, Christopher H. and Ferreira, Elisabeth (2016). Interaction between living bone particles and rhBMP-2 in large segmental defect healing in the rat femur. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 34 (12), 2137-2145. doi: 10.1002/jor.23255
Cruz, Jazmina L. and Wells, James W. (2016). Assessing T-cell abundance in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: adding another string to your bow. Experimental Dermatology, 25 (7), 507-508. doi: 10.1111/exd.13041
Coleman, Miranda A., Jessup, Claire F., Bridge, Jennifer A., Overgaard, Nana H., Penko, Daniella, Walters, Stacey, Borg, Danielle J., Galea, Ryan, Forbes, Josephine M., Thomas, Ranjeny, Coates, Patrick T. C., Grey, Shane T., Wells, James W. and Steptoe, Raymond J. (2016). Antigen-encoding bone marrow terminates islet-directed memory CD8+ T-cell responses to alleviate islet transplant rejection. Diabetes, 65 (5), 1328-1340. doi: 10.2337/db15-1418
Hussein, Waleed M., Liu, Tzu-Yu, Maruthayanar, Pirashanthini, Mukaida, Saori, Moyle, Peter M., Wells, James W., Toth, Istvan and Skwarczynski, Mariusz (2016). Double conjugation strategy to incorporate lipid adjuvants into multiantigenic vaccines. Chemical Science, 7 (3), 2308-2321. doi: 10.1039/C5SC03859F
Moyle, Peter M., Dai, Wei, Liu, Tzu-Yu, Hussein, Waleed M., Maruthayanar, Pirashanthini, Wells, James W., McMillan, Nigel A. J., Skwarczynski, Mariusz and Toth, Istvan (2015). Combined synthetic and recombinant techniques for the development of lipoprotein-based, self-adjuvanting vaccines targeting human papillomavirus type-16 associated tumors. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 25 (23), 5570-5575. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.049
Hornsby, Michael, Paduch, Marcin, Miersch, Shane, Saeaef, Annika, Matsuguchi, Tet, Lee, Brian, Wypisniak, Karolina, Doak, Allison, King, Daniel, Usatyuk, Svitlana, Perry, Kimberly, Lu, Vince, Thomas, William, Luke, Judy, Goodman, Jay, Hoey, Robert J., Lai, Darson, Griffin, Carly, Li, Zhijian, Vizeacoumar, Franco J., Dong, Debbie, Campbell, Elliot, Anderson, Stephen, Zhong, Nan, Graeslund, Susanne, Koide, Shohei, Moffat, Jason, Sidhu, Sachdev, Kossiakoff, Anthony and Wells, James (2015). A High Through-put Platform for Recombinant Antibodies to Folded Proteins. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, 14 (10), 2833-2847. doi: 10.1074/mcp.O115.052209
Liu, F., Ferreira, E., Porter, R. M., Glatt, V., Schinhan, M., Shen, Z., Randolph, M. A., Kirker-Head, C. A., Wehling, C., Vrahas, M. S., Evans, C. H. and Wells, J. W. (2015). Rapid and reliable healing of critical size bone defects with genetically modified sheep muscle. European Cells and Materials, 30 (30), 118-131. doi: 10.22203/eCM.v030a09
Roufaiel, Marian Nassef Kadry Naguib, Wells, James W. and Steptoe, Raymond J. (2015). Impaired T-cell function in B-cell lymphoma: a direct consequence of events at the immunological synapse?. Frontiers in Immunology, 6 (JUN) 258, 258.1-258.10. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00258
Collin, Joseph F., Wells, James W., Czepulkowski, Barbara, Lyne, Linden, Duriez, Patrick J., Banham, Alison H., Mufti, Ghulam J. and Guinn, Barbara-ann (2015). A novel zinc finger gene, ZNF465, is inappropriately expressed in acute myeloid leukaemia cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 54 (5), 288-302. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22242
Jung, Ji-Won, Overgaard, Nana H., Burke, Michael T., Isbel, Nicole, Frazer, Ian H., Simpson, Fiona and Wells, James W. (2015). Does the nature of residual immune function explain the differential risk of non-melanoma skin cancer development in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients?. International Journal of Cancer, 138 (2), 281-292. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29450
Bergot, Anne-Sophie, Monnet, Nastasia, Tran, Son Le, Mittal, Deepak, Al-Kouba, Jane, Steptoe, Raymond J., Grimbaldeston, Michele A., Frazer, Ian H. and Wells, James W. (2015). HPV16 E7 expression in skin induces TSLP secretion, type 2 ILC infiltration and atopic dermatitis-like lesions. Immunology and Cell Biology, 93 (6), 540-547. doi: 10.1038/icb.2014.123
Overgaard, Nana H., Jung, Ji-Won, Steptoe, Raymond J. and Wells, James W. (2015). CD4+/CD8+ double positive T cells: more than just a developmental stage?. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 97 (1), 31-38. doi: 10.1189/jlb.1RU0814-382
Burke, Michael T., Isbel, Nicole, Barraclough, Katherine A., Jung, Ji-Won, Wells, James W. and Staatz, Christine E. (2015). Genetics and nonmelanoma skin cancer in kidney transplant recipients. Pharmacogenomics, 16 (2), 161-172. doi: 10.2217/pgs.14.156
Freeman, Andrew, Bridge, Jennifer A., Maruthayanar, Pirashanthini, Overgaard, Nana H., Jung, Ji-Won, Simpson, Fiona, Prow, Tarl W., Soyer, H. Peter, Frazer, Ian H., Freeman, Michael and Wells, James W. (2014). Comparative Immune Phenotypic Analysis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Intraepidermal Carcinoma in Immune-Competent Individuals: Proportional Representation of CD8+ T-Cells but Not FoxP3+ Regulatory T-Cells Is Associated with Disease Stage. PLoS One, 9 (10) e110928, e110928.1-e110928.9. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110928
Bergot, Anne-Sophie, Ford, Neill, Leggatt, Graham R., Wells, James W., Frazer, Ian H. and Grimbaldeston, Michele A. (2014). HPV16-E7 expression in squamous epithelium creates a local immune suppressive environment via CCL2- and CCL5- mediated recruitment of mast cells. PLoS Pathogens, 10 (10) e1004466, 1-11. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004466
Ferreira, Elisabeth, Porter, Ryan M., Wehling, Nathalie, O'Sullivan, Regina P., Liu, Fangjun, Boskey, Adele, Estok, Daniel M., Harris, Mitchell B., Vrahas, Mark S., Evans, Christopher H. and Wells, James W. (2013). Inflammatory cytokines induce an unique mineralizing phenotype in mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288 (41), 29494-29505. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.471268
Coleman, Miranda A., Bridge, Jennifer A., Lane, Steven W., Dixon, Chantelle M., Hill, Geoffrey R., Wells, James W., Thomas, Ranjeny and Steptoe, Raymond J. (2013). Tolerance induction with gene-modified stem cells and immune-preserving conditioning in primed mice: restricting antigen to differentiated antigen-presenting cells permits efficacy. Blood, 121 (6), 1049-1058. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-434100
Wells, James W., Evans, Christopher H., Scott, Milcah C., Ruetgen, Barbara C., O'Brien, Timothy D., Modiano, Jaime F., Cvetkovic, Goran and Tepic, Slobodan (2013). Arginase treatment prevents the recovery of canine lymphoma and osteosarcoma cells resistant to the toxic effects of prolonged arginine deprivation. PLoS One, 8 (1) e54464, e54464.1-e54464.9. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054464
Evans, Christopher H., Liu, Fangjun, Porter, Ryan M., O'Sullivan, Regina P., Merghoub, Taha, Lunsford, Elaine P., Robichaud, Kyle, Van Valen, Frans, Lessnick, Stephen L., Gebhardt, Mark C. and Wells, James W. (2012). EWS-FLI-1-targeted cytotoxic T-cell killing of multiple tumor types belonging to the Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors. Clinical Cancer Research, 18 (19), 5341-5351. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1985
Liu, Fangjun, Porter, Ryan M., Wells, James, Glatt, Vaida, Pilapil, Carmencita and Evans, Christopher H. (2011). Evaluation of BMP-2 gene-activated muscle grafts for cranial defect repair.. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 30 (7), 1095-1102. doi: 10.1002/jor.22038
Evans, C.H., Liu, F.-J., Glatt, V., Hoyland, J. A., Kirker-Head, C., Walsh, A., Betz, O., Wells, J. W., Betz, V., Porter, R. M., Saad, F. A., Gerstenfeld, L. C., Einhorn, T. A., Harris, M. B. and Vrahas, M. S. (2009). Use of genetically modified muscle and fat grafts to repair defects in bone and cartilage. European Cells and Materials, 18, 96-111.
Wehling, N., Palmer, G. D., Pilapil, C., Liu, F., Wells, J. W., Muller, P. E., Evans, C. H. and Porter, R. M. (2009). Interleukin-1 beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Inhibit Chondrogenesis by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through NF-kappa B-Dependent Pathways. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 60 (3), 801-812. doi: 10.1002/art.24352
Gibbons, D. L., Haque, S. F. Y., Copestake, S. L., Wells, J. W. and Hayday, A. C. (2009). Suppression of airway inflammation by a natural acute infection of the intestinal epithelium. Mucosal Immunology, 2 (2), 144-155. doi: 10.1038/mi.2008.83
Wells, J. W., Choy, K., Lloyd, C. M. and Noble, A. (2009). Suppression of allergic airway inflammation and IgE responses by a class I restricted allergen peptide vaccine. Mucosal Immunology, 2 (1), 54-62. doi: 10.1038/mi.2008.69
Cheuk, Adam T. C., Wells, James W., Chan, Lucas, Westwood, Nigel B., Berger, Stuart A., Yagita, Hideo, Okumura, Ko, Farzaneh, Farzin, Mufti, Ghulam J. and Guinn, Barbara-Ann (2009). Anti-tumor immunity in a model of acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia and Lymphoma, 50 (3), 447-454. doi: 10.1080/10428190802653776
Leggat, Jamie A., Gibbons, Deena L., Haque, Syeda F. Y., Smith, Adrian L., Wells, James W., Choy, Katherine, Lloyd, Clare M., Hayday, Adrian C. and Noble, Alistair (2008). Innate responsiveness of CD8 memory T-cell populations nonspecifically inhibits allergic sensitization. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 122 (5), 1014-1021. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.08.011
Wells, J. W., Cowled, C. J., Farzaneh, F. and Noble, A. (2008). Combined triggering of dendritic cell receptors results in synergistic activation and potent cytotoxic immunity. Journal of Immunology, 181 (5), 3422-3431. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.5.3422
Wells, James W., Cowled, Chris J., Darling, David, Guinn, Barbara-Ann, Farzaneh, Farzin, Noble, Alistair and Galea-Lauri, Joanna (2007). Semi-allogeneic dendritic cells can induce antigen-specific T-cell activation, which is not enhanced by concurrent alloreactivity. Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy, 56 (12), 1861-1873. doi: 10.1007/s00262-007-0328-x
Wells, James W., Cowled, Christopher J., Giorgini, Angela, Kemeny, David M. and Noble, Alistair (2007). Regulation of allergic airway inflammation by class I-restricted allergen presentation and CD8 T-cell infiltration. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 119 (1), 226-234. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.09.004
Guinn, Barbara-ann, Bland, Elizabeth A., Lodi, Usman, Liggins, Amanda P., Tobal, Khalid, Petters, Sarah, Wells, James W., Banham, Alison H. and Mufti, Ghulam J. (2005). Humoral detection of leukaemia-associated antigens in presentation acute myeloid leukaemia. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 335 (4), 1293-1304. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.024
Wells, J. W., Darling, D., Farzaneh, F. and Galea-Lauri, J. (2005). Influence of interleukin-4 on the phenotype and function of bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells generated under serum-free conditions. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 61 (3), 251-259. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01556.x
Galea-Lauri, Joanna, Wells, James W., Darling, David, Harrison, Phillip and Farzaneh, Farzin (2004). Strategies for antigen choice and priming of dendritic cells influence the polarization and efficacy of antitumor T-cell responses in dendritic cell-based cancer vaccination. Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy, 53 (11), 963-977. doi: 10.1007/s00262-004-0542-8

Conference Papers

Zeng, Zhen, Bhatt, Ritu, Gandini, Anastasia, Cruz, Jazmina Gonzalez, Proctor, Martina, Irvine, Katharine, Dolcetti, Riccardo, Wells, James and Gabrielli, Brian (2025). Targeting replication stress promotes anti-tumour immune responses that are suppressed by tumour-associated myeloid cells. AACR IO: Discovery and Innovation in Cancer Immunology: Revolutionizing Treatment through Immunotherapy, Los Angeles, CA USA, 23-26 February 2025. Washington, DC USA: American Association for Cancer Research. doi: 10.1158/2326-6074.io2025-a118
Kong, Wei Yang, Soderholm, Amelia, de Oca, Marcela Montes, Chew, Hui Yi, Brooks, Andrew, Cruz, Jazmina and Wells, James (2024). Unravelling the biology of double-positive CD4/CD8αβ T cells in peripheral tissues. Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists (IMMUNOLOGY), Chicago, IL USA, 3-7 May 2024. Cary, NC USA: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.212.supp.1341.4154
Zeng, Z., Cruz, J. G., Pett, N., Veitch, M., Frazer, I. H. and Wells, J. W. (2019). The involvement of IFN-gamma and CXCR3 in the CD8(+) T-cell-mediated regression of squamous cell carcinoma. 17th International Congress of Immunology (IUIS), Beijing, Peoples R China, 19-23 October 2019. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley.
Steptoe, R. J., Brooks, J. F. and Wells, J. W. (2019). Antigen-encoding bone marrow deletes mature antigen-specific B cells in recipients and inhibits antigen-specific antibody production. ESGCT 27th Annual Congress in collaboration with SETGyc Meeting, Barcelona Spain, 22-25 October 2019 . New Rochelle, NY, United States: Mary Anne Liebert.
Brooks, J., Davies, J., Wells, J. and Steptoe, R. (2018). Dendritic cell-targeted self-antigen restrains autoreactive B cells by deletion and anergy. 15th International Symposium on Dendritic Cells (DC), Aachen, Germany, 10-14 June 2018 . Weinheim, Germany: Wiley.
He, Xuzhi, Gonzalez Cruz, Jazmina , Simpson, Finoa and Wells, James (2016). Preclinical modeling of EGFR-specific mAb and immune pathways that impact immunotherapics for squamous cell carcinoma. Joint meeting of the Australasian Wound and Tissue Repair Society (AWTRS) and the Molecular & Experimental Pathology Society of Australasia (MEPSA), Melbourne, Australia, 7-9 November 2016. Hoboken, NJ, United States: Wiley-Blackwell.
Burke, M., Nahum, L., Isbel, N., Carroll, R., Soyer, H., Francis, R., Bridge, J., Staatz, C. and Wells, J. (2016). Effects of Immunosuppression and Sun Exposure on Immune Cell Populations in Skin and Blood of Kidney Transplant Recipients.. American Transplant Congress, Boston Ma, Jun 11-15, 2016. HOBOKEN: WILEY-BLACKWELL.
Mattarollo, Stephen, Leggatt, Graham, Wells, James, Lambert, Paul and Frazer, Ian H. (2016). Modeling checkpoint blockade inhibitor resistant immunoregulation induced by squamous epithelial cancers. International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival, New York, United States, September 16-19, 2015. Philadelphia, United States: American Association for Cancer Research. doi: 10.1158/2326-6074.CRICIMTEATIAACR15-A064
Jung, Ji-Won, Taylor, Paul J., Simpson, Fiona, Frazer, Ian H. and Wells, James W. (2016). The impact of rapamycin and tacrolimus treatment on resident CD8+T-cell populations in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival, New York, United States, September 16-19, 2015. Philadelphia, United States: American Association for Cancer Research. doi: 10.1158/2326-6074.CRICIMTEATIAACR15-B055
Frazer, I, Mattarollo, S., Leggatt, G., Wells, J., Tuong, K., Kuo, P., Jazayeri, S., Lambert, P. and Chandra, J. (2016). Immunotherapy for persisting viral infection and associated cancer. ICI 2016 International Congress of Immunology, Melbourne, Australia, 21-26 August 2016. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley.
He, X., Cruz, Gonzalez J., Simpson, F. and Wells, J. (2016). Preclinical modeling of EGFR-specific mAb and immune pathways that impact immunotherapics for squamous cell carcinoma. International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Melbourne, Australia, 21-26 August 2016. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley. doi: 10.1002/eji.201670200
Brooks, J., Al-Kouba, J., Davies, J., Wells, J. and Steptoe, R. (2016). Does dendritic-cell targeted antigen expression induce both T and B cell tolerance?. International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Melbourne, Australia, 21-26 August 2016. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley. doi: 10.1002/eji.201670200
Bridge, J. A., Overgaard, N. H., Cruz, J. L. G., Veitch, M., Frazer, I. H., Steptoe, R. J. and Wells, J. W. (2016). Novel regulators of CD8(+) T-cell functions in the skin. International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Melbourne, Australia, 21-16 August 2016. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley. doi: 10.1002/eji.201670200
Steptoe, R., Al-Kouba, J., Coleman, M., Jessup, C., Starkey, M., Overgaard, N., Bridge, J., Horvat, J., Werder, R., Walters, S., Coates, P. T., Grey, S., Thomas, R., Wells, J., Hansbro, P., Phipps, S. and Davies, J. (2016). Ablation of pathogenic memory T-cell responses by bone marrow-mediated gene therapy under immune-preserving conditions. International Congress of Immunology (ICI 2016), Melbourne, Australia, 21-26 August 2016. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley.
Bridge, J. A., Overgaard, N. H., Cruz, J. L., Veitch, M., Frazer, I. H., Steptoe, R. J. and Wells, J. W. (2016). Uncovering novel regulators of CD8(+) T-cell functions in the skin. Asia-Pacific Combined Dermatology Research Conference, Noosa, Australia, 25–28 August 2016. Richmond, VIC, Australia: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1111/ajd.12584
Jung, Ji-Won, Simpson, Fiona, Frazer, Ian H. and Wells, James W. (2016). Rapamycin, but not tacrolimus, promotes Cd8 memory T-cell differentiation and function in the skin. Joint meeting of the Australasian Wound and Tissue Repair Society (AWTRS) and the Molecular & Experimental Pathology Society of Australasia (MEPSA), Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Centre, Melbourne, Australia, 7-9 November 2016. Hoboken, NJ United States: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
Bridge, Jennifer A., Overgaard, Nana H., Cruz, Jazmina L. G., Veitch, Margaret, Frazer, Ian H., Steptoe, Raymond J. and Wells, James W. (2016). Novel regulators of CD8 T-cell functions in the skin. Joint meeting of the Australasian Wound and Tissue Repair Society (AWTRS) and the Molecular and Experimental Pathology Society of Australasia (MEPSA), Melbourne, Australia , November 7–9, 2016. Hoboken, NJ, United States: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. doi: 10.1111/wrr.12489
Bridge, Jennifer A., Overgaard, Nana H., Steptoe, Raymond J., Frazer, Ian H. and Wells, James W. (2016). Altering the balance between immune activation versus regulation in the skin to promote CD8 T-cell activity within epithelial cancers. AACR 107th Annual Meeting on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, New Orleans, La, United States, Apr 16-20, 2016. Philadelphia, PA, United States: American Association for Cancer Research. doi: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2016-3999
Cruz, Gonzalez J. L., Overgaard, N. H., Bridge, J. A., Jung, J. -W, He, J., Nel, H. J., Watson, K., Frazer, I. H., La Gruta, N. L., Steptoe, R. J. and Wells, J. W. (2016). CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive T-cells regulate CD8(+) single-positive T cell function in the skin. International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Melbourne, Australia, 21-26 August 2016. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley. doi: 10.1002/eji.201670200
Ferreira, Elisabeth, Wells, James W. and Evans, Christopher H. (2010). Inflammation and Osteogensis: a Paradoxical Effect of Interleukin-1 On the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human, Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. 16th International Conference of the Inflammation-Research-Association, Chantilly Va, 2008. BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG.
Farzaneh, Farzin, Chan, Lucas, Hardwick, Nicola, Ingram, Wendy, Mufti, Ghulam, Aloysius, Mark, Robins, Adrian, Habib, Nagy, Bhalla, Joti, Eremin, Oleg, Jun, Tye Gee, Oppenheim, David, Wells, James, Cowled, Christopher and Noble, Alistair (2010). Immune Gene Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. 17th Annual Meeting of German-Society-for-Gene-Therapy (DG-GT e.V.), Munich, Germany, 7 - 9 October 2010. New Rochelle, NY United States: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers.
Porter, R. M., Ivkovic, A., Wells, J., Glatt, V., Harris, M. B., Vrahas, M. S. and Evans, C. (2008). Characterization and utilization of mesenchymal progenitor cells recovered with the Reamer-irrigator-aspirator. ECM IX: Musculoskeletal Trauma - 50 Years of AO Research, Davos, Switzerland, 15-18 June, 2008. Clavadelstr, Davos, Switzerland: Swiss Society for Biomaterials.
Porter, R. M., Wehling, N., Palmer, G. D., Wells, J. W., Muller, P. E. and Evans, C. H. (2008). Pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibit chondrogenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells through NF-(kappa)B-dependent pathways. ECM IX: Musculoskeletal Trauma - 50 Years of AO Research, Davos, Switzerland, 15-18 June, 2008. Clavadelstr, Davos, Switzerland: Swiss Society for Biomaterials.
Ivkovic, A., Porter, R. M., Wells, J. W. and Evans, C. H. (2008). Improving the osteogenic behaviour of human mesenchymal stromal cells. ECM IX: Musculoskeletal Trauma - 50 Years of AO Research, Davos, Switzerland, 15-18 June, 2008. Clavadelstr, Davos, Switzerland: Swiss Society for Biomaterials.
Evans, C. H., Glatt, V., Liu, F.-J., Wells, J. W., Ferreira, E., Vrahas, M. S., Harris, M. B., Ivkovic, A. and Porter, R. M. (2008). Expedited strategies for the restoration of bone. The Second International Symposium on Biotechnology in Musculoskeletal Repair, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2-4 October, 2008. Clavadelstr, Davos, Switzerland: Swiss Society for Biomaterials.
Wells, JW, Cowled, CJ, Giorgini, A, Noble, A and Kemeny, DM (2005). Local cross-presentation of allergen to CD8 cells by lung dendritic cells regulates allergic airways inflammation. BLACKWELL PUBLISHING.
O'Beirne, JP, Cross, T, Wells, J, Farzaneh, F and Harrison, PM (2005). HCV core protein interferes with mhc class irestricted antigen processing/presentation by murine dendritic cells. 40th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver, Paris France, Apr 13-17, 2005. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV.
O'Beirne, JP, Mitchell, J, Wells, J, Farzaneh, F and Harrison, PM (2004). Effect of HCV core protein on the ability of murine dendritic cells to generate a MHC class I-restricted antigen-specific immune response, in vitro.. 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD), Boston Ma, Oct 29-Nov 02, 2004. JOHN WILEY & SONS INC.

Patents

Wells, James, Dymock, Brian William, Harvey, Andrew, Cock, Terrie-Anne, Pouwer, Rebecca and Beaumont, Kimberley (2021). Compound for prevention or treatment of a skin cancer or skin precancer. WO2021248189.
Wells, James William and Noble, Alistair (2008). Composition comprising a cytotoxic t-cell - inducing adjuvant. WO2007122392-A8.